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Green toucanet ：ウィキペディア英語版

Green toucanet

The green toucanets〔Boyd, J. (2011). ''(Ramphastidae: Toucans. )'' Accessed 20 May 2011〕 are near-passerine birds from the genus ''Aulacorhynchus'' in the toucan family. They are native to Mexico, and Central and South America. All are found in humid forests and woodlands in highlands, but a few also occur in adjacent lowlands.〔Short, L. L., & Horne, J. F. M. (2002). Toucans (Ramphastidae). pp. 220-272 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2002). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World.'' Vol. 7 Jacamars to Woodpecker. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-37-7〕 They are relatively small toucans, long, with colorful, mainly green, plumage.〔 They are typically seen in pairs or small groups, and sometimes follow mixed species flocks.〔Restall, R. L., Rodner, C., & Lentino, M. (2006). ''Birds of Northern South America.'' Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9 (vol. 1). ISBN 0-7136-7242-0 (vol. 2).〕
==Taxonomy==
A major taxonomy review in 1974 resulted in 6 species in the genus ''Aulacorhynchus'',〔Haffer, J. (1974). ''Avian speciation in tropical South America.'' Publ. Nuttall Ornithol. Club 14: 1–390.〕 and this has been followed by virtually all later authorities.〔〔Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer (2011). ''(A classification of the bird species of South America: Trogoniformes to Piciformes. )'' American Ornithologists' Union. Accessed 25 May 2011〕〔Fjeldså, J., and Krabbe, N. (1990). ''Birds of the High Andes.'' ISBN 87-88757-16-1〕〔Dickinson, E. C., eds. (2003). ''The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World.'' 3rd edition. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X〕〔Clement, J. F. (2007, w. online updates). ''The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.'' 6th edition. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1〕
In 2001, it was suggested that ''A. prasinus'', as traditionally defined, was a species complex that should be split into 7 different species based on preliminary morphological evidence.〔Navarro, A., Peterson, A., López-Medrano, E., and Benítez-Díaz, H. (2001). ''Species limits in Mesoamerican ''Aulocorhynchus'' Toucanets.'' The Wilson Bull. 113(4): 363-372〕 This has to some extent been supported by genetic evidence, which suggests that an additional species should be recognized (''griseigularis'' is included in ''A. albivitta'' based on morphological evidence, but the two are split based on genetic evidence).〔Bonaccorso, E., Guayasamin, J. M., Peterson, A. T., and Navarro-Sigüenza, A. G. (2011). ''Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Neotropical toucanets in the genus Aulacorhynchus (Aves, Ramphastidae).'' Zoologica Scripta, 40. 〕〔Puebla-Olivares, F., E. Bonaccorso, A. E. de los Monteros, K. E. Omland, J. E. Llorente-Bousquets, A. T. Peterson, and A.G. Navarro-Siguenza. (2008). ''Speciation in the Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex.'' The Auk. 125(1): 39-50.〕 Additionally, genetic evidence supports splitting ''A. derbianus'' into two separate species, but it does not support splitting ''A. sulcatus'' into two separate species,〔 as has been recommended earlier.〔
At present, most authorities maintain that the genus ''Aulacorhynchus'' has 7 species (with the remaining treated as subspecies),〔〔 but SACC do recognize the need for a review of the ''A. prasinus'' complex, and have split ''A. derbianus'' from ''A. whitelianus''.〔

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